Current Research in Medical Sciences

en Probiotics as adjunctive therapy for Alzheimer disease میکروبیولوژی میکروبیولوژی سر مقاله Editorial Probiotics have attracted interest as potential adjunctive interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) through their effects on the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This letter critically examines the translational relevance of experimental and clinical evidence, emphasizing the distinction between biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical studies report improvements in cognition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and barrier integrity; however, prophylactic administration and differences between aging models and AD limit clinical extrapolation. Human trials yield inconsistent findings, with some reporting cognitive improvement and others demonstrating biomarker changes without significant cognitive or functional benefit. Variation in disease severity, strain composition, comparator selection, and methodological quality complicates interpretation. Current evidence does not establish a generalizable therapeutic effect or sustained disease modification. Adequately powered, multicenter trials should evaluate defined probiotic preparations alongside standard care, prioritize cognitive and functional outcomes, and assess safety and durability. Integrating longitudinal microbiome and metabolomic analyses may clarify mechanisms and identify patients most likely to benefit. Alzheimer’s disease, Probiotics, Microbiota–gut–brain axis, Neuroinflammation, Cognitive function. 84 87 http://crms.mubabol.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Olia Hamzeh oliahmmz@gmail.com 0009-0009-7867-9088 No Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran Mehrdad Halaji mehrdad.md69@gmail.com 0000-0002-4576-8203 Yes Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran