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Introduction: As proper communication is the key to a strong family and the couples must follow effective communication patterns in these relationships to strengthen the family foundation, improving these relationships has been very effective.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the strategies for enhancing the couple communication patterns.
Methods: In this scoping review, the SID, Barkat, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Uptodate, Magiran, and Psych INFO databases were searched for interventional studies from 1990 to 2019 on Iranian couples. At the end of the search, 131 papers were obtained, and finally, 19 papers were included in the scoping review.
Results: The classification was based on educational and therapeutic strategies. The educational strategies included training communication skills and training life skills and the therapeutic strategies included couple therapy, narrative therapy, and family therapy.
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that to improve couple communication patterns, both life and communication skills are needed for all couples. Communication and life skills training can be more convenient and less costly than the rest. Each of Treatment methods need more specialized courses and one cannot reach useful results by some brief sessions, but training can be provided to couples even through the book.

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Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complications after lower limb orthopedic surgery, which leads to many significant limitations and problems for patients and society. The aim of the present study was to investigate LBP incidence rate following general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) in lower limb orthopedic surgery.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, all patients who were candidates for elective orthopedic surgery referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, entered the study with informed consent.
Patients were divided into two groups and LBP incidence rate following spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia was evaluated.

Results: Out of 110 patients, 46 (41.8%) complained of LBP as a postoperative complication and 64 cases (58.2%) did not report it. The mean pain decreased over time in patients with LBP. Results also showed that LBP intensity was higher in spinal anesthesia group one day and one week after surgery. One month after surgery, the general anesthesia group did not report LBP, but the spinal anesthesia group still complained of LBP. There was no significant relationship between sex, age, BMI, duration of surgery, type of surgery and cause of fracture with LBP incidence.

Conclusion: According to the present study, the mean LBP intensity in the general anesthesia group is significantly less than spinal anesthesia group one day, one week and one month after surgery. patients should receive necessary explanations about the complications of both types of anesthesia preoperatively so that they consciously choose the method of anesthesia.


Conclusion: According to the present study, the mean LBP intensity in the general anesthesia group is significantly less than spinal anesthesia group one day, one week and one month after surgery. patients should receive necessary explanations about the complications of both types of anesthesia preoperatively so that they consciously choose the method of anesthesia.