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Background and Objective: Improving the nutritional knowledge of individuals is important in creating a desirable nutritional attitude and can lead to the observation of desirable health behaviors. The purpose of this study is to present a provincial report on the knowledge, attitude and practice of urban-rural households in Qazvin based on a national study on nutrition.
Materials and Methods: The present report is based on the results of a national survey of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP)1 of rural and urban households about nutrition that was carried out in the year 90 by using a structured questionnaire and interviews with participants. 454 questionnaires was completed in Qazvin province. In this report, the results of Qazvin province were analyzed
Results: The results of this study indicated that knowledge of the participants about cola and fast food was not satisfactory. The Highest (32.5%) awareness was about relationship between obesity and high fast food consumption and The lowest (3.8%) awareness was about association with liver diseases and high fast food consumption. Attitude of the participants regarding the harm full effects of cola consumption was 58.4%. In practice, the highest consumption (71.2%) was for cola and the lowest (48.9%) for pizza (daily, weekly or rarely).
Conclusion: These findings may help the health system to achieve the goal of improving the knowledge, attitudes of the affiliated households and finally, it will improve the general health of the community.
 

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Abstract
Introduction and Aim:
Tuberculosis is one of the main causes of mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between women's Knowledge and personal health about tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 400 women who referred to health centers in 2016 were studied by Convenience sampling method. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by experts and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 6.7. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using statistical tests such as mean, standard deviation, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test.
Results:
The results of the study showed that the mean age of women was 32.4 ± 3.1 years. The largest number of participants in the research (64.4%) were in the age range of 35 to 15 years old, and most of the subjects (37.8%) were illiterate.
There was a significant difference between the scores of knowledge of women referring to Chabahar health centers and health houses regarding tuberculosis based on job status, personal health and education levels. (P <0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the findings of the study, attention should be paid to educating women with low education about symptoms, transmission of disease, methods for prevention and diagnosis of tuberculosis in order to comply with personal health.
 

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With the implementation of the land preparation, document and formation of transformation and innovation packages in medical science education, some mission-oriented opportunities have been provided in the medical education field. Accordingly, the special mission of medicinal plant development was given to the major universities of district one of academic health preparation, including Babol University Of medical science. This study was conducted to describe and reflect the activities performed at Babol University of Medical Sciences in accomplishing this mission by reviewing relevant documentation and performance report of its executive management. Findings show that some of the performed activities regarding this issue include the revision of curriculum in terms of existence of the units or topics of medicinal plants knowledge development, placing this mission in strategic goals of the university, needs assessment of new fields concerning this mission, offering training for target groups(academics and society), investigating the performed research in the university in order to develop the knowledge of medicinal plants, explaining current status of the university regarding the development of medicinal plants knowledge, preparation of the observation indicators related to the mission and self-assessment of university with the prepared indicators, networking , communication development and using exterior experts’ knowledge, needs assessment of software and hardware  and supplying an important part of the assessed needs, layout and allocation of land to initiate the medicinal plant garden and preparation of the garden for planting the identified medicinal herbs, preparation of the research plan to allocate certification for the plants in Pardis area and medicinal plant garden of the university. Babol University of Medical Sciences has carried out extensive efforts in all areas and goals of the strategic and operational plan of the mission related to developing the medicinal plant knowledge in areas such as vocational and goals, making discourse, structural and functional areas that it has special achievements in developing the infrastructures in two-year period of the plan implementation. It is expected that through the continuation and promotion of this trend, we observe outcomes and achievements toward acquiring scientific authority in the field of medicinal plant knowledge then accordingly development of services and knowledge-based economy in near future.
 

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Background  : Medication errors can lead to serious negative consequences. Meanwhile, reading theory books or listening to lectures away from the real environment may disrupt learning. Simulation-based learning using a virtual environment imitates real-world activities and engages learners in physical and practical activities.   The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of simulation-based education (SBE) on medication administration (MA) knowledge and performance among nursing students.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the 2018–2019 academic year using a   pretest-posttest design and a control group. The subjects included 66 nursing students of the sixth semester of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Iran university of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.. They were randomly allocated to the intervention   (n = 36) and control (n = 30) groups. Subjects in the intervention group were trained through SBE in two-hour weekly sessions for four consecutive weeks, and their conterparts in the control group received only routine traditional training.. The knowledge and performance were assessed using a researcher-made MA knowledge questionnaire and four MA performance checklists. Data were collected before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention and were analyzed using    repeated measures analysis of variance as well as  paired-samples t test, independent-samples t, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test in SPSS software (v. 16.0).   Significance level was set at P≤ 0.05.  
Results: There were no significant differences between the groups before intervention (P > 0.05). The mean scores of MA knowledge and performance of the intervention group  increased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.05).The mean scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group in both post-tests (P < 0.05). The mean score of MA knowledge in the intervention group was 12.36±3.04 at pretest, 18.6±1.13 at the first posttest, and 18.7±1.2 at the second posttest. the mean score of MA knowledge in the control group was 12.43±2.41 at pretest, 12.66±2.39 at the first posttest, and 12.66±2.63 at the second posttest The mean scores of MA performance (Total) in the intervention group was 18.99±9.7, at the first posttest and 18.08±11.05 at the second posttest. and The mean scores of MA performance (Total) in the control group was 10.35±10.39, at the first posttest and 11.35±10.66 at the second posttest.
Conclusion: SBE is effective in  improving nursing students’ MA knowledge and performance. SBE is suggested to reduce medication errors among nursing students.

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Background: The elderly are the largest population who use not only chemical drugs but also herbal drugs to treat their diseases due to multiple and chronic diseases. Therefore, considering the tendency of the elderly to use medicinal plants and the lack of sufficient documentation regarding the status of their use of medicinal plants, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the state of knowledge, attitude and practice of the elderly regarding how to use medicinal plants.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) in order to investigate the state of knowledge, attitude and practice of the elderly regarding how to use medicinal plants on 270 elderly people of Bojnurd city in 2019. The samples were selected by cluster random sampling method. The data collection tool included a questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitude and practice. The data were analyzed using T-tests and ANOVA analysis of variance at a significance level of 5%.
Results: The scores of the elderly were respectively in the variables of knowledge (6.24 ± 2.10), attitude (4.44 ± 1.53) and practice (9.75 ± 2.55). Also, the results showed that 94.4% of participants had poor and average knowledge, 91.1% had poor and average attitude, and 35.2% had poor and average practice. There was a significant difference between the familiarity of the elderly with medicinal plants with three variables of knowledge, attitude and practice (p<0.001). Among the medicinal plants, mint (23.2%), thyme, saffron (10.9%) and oregano (9.5%) were the most used medicinal plants, and ginger, rose water and chamomile were the least used medicinal plants among the elderly studied. 29.6% used medicinal plants on a daily basis, 42.2% on a weekly basis, 21.8% on a monthly basis and 6.2% on a yearly basis. The most common reasons for using medicinal plants in the studied elderly are, respectively, 14.8% for diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes, 25.2% for digestive problems, 22.2% for colds, and 29.6% for all the diseases asked. According to the self-report of the elderly studied, 81 (30%) of the elderly had good knowledge of medicinal plants, 136 (50.4%) had moderate knowledge, and 53 (19.6%) had poor knowledge.
Conclusion: The use of medicinal plants in the elderly of the region is not dependent on their knowledge and they tend to use medicinal plants based on traditional beliefs